Valid 500-490 Exam Q&A PDF 500-490 Dump is Ready (Updated 37 Questions) [Q10-Q32]

Explanation
Cisco ISE is a security policy management platform that provides secure access to network resources. Cisco ISE functions as a policy decision point and enables enterprises to ensure compliance, enhance infrastructure security, and streamline service operations1. Two of the statements that are true regarding Cisco ISE are:
ISE can detect endpoints whose addresses have been translated via NAT: Cisco ISE can discover, profile, and monitor the endpoint devices on the network, and classify them according to their associated policies and identity groups. Cisco ISE can leverage the pxGrid framework to share the contextual information with other security tools and platforms, and enhance the network visibility and security1. Cisco ISE can also detect endpoints whose addresses have been translated via NAT by using various methods, such as passive and active discovery, NMAP scanning, DHCP snooping, and RADIUS accounting234.
The number of logs that ISE can retain is determined by your disk space: Cisco ISE provides a logging mechanism that is used for auditing, fault management, and troubleshooting. The logging mechanism helps you to identify fault conditions in deployed services and troubleshoot issues efficiently. You can configure your Cisco ISE node to collect the logs in the local systems using a virtual loopback address5. The number of logs that ISE can retain is determined by your disk space, as well as the data purging settings that you can configure under Administration > System > Maintenance > Data Purging6. You can also configure Cisco ISE to send its logs to a remote system for greater retention history7.
The other statements are not true regarding Cisco ISE, because:
In distributed deployments, failover from primary to secondary Policy Administration Nodes happens automatically: Cisco ISE supports high availability for the Administration persona, which provides centralized configuration and management of the distributed deployment. You can configure one primary Administration ISE node and one secondary Administration ISE node for high availability. However, the failover from primary to secondary Policy Administration Nodes does not happen automatically, unless you enable the automatic failover feature and configure a health check node to monitor the primary node’s status8. Otherwise, you have to manually promote the secondary node to become the primary node in case of a failure9.
In two-node standalone ISE deployments, failover must be done manually: Cisco ISE supports high availability for the Policy Service persona, which provides network access, posture, guest access, client provisioning, and profiling services. You can configure multiple Policy Service Nodes (PSNs) in a node group to provide session failover and load balancing for the endpoints. In a two-node standalone ISE deployment, where each node assumes all the personas, the failover for the Policy Service persona does not need to be done manually, as long as the network access devices are configured to use both nodes for RADIUS and TACACS services10.
ISE supports IPv6 downloadable ACLs: Cisco ISE supports downloadable ACLs (DACLs), which are configured and implemented through authorization profiles. DACLs are used to enforce granular access control policies for the endpoints based on their identity and other attributes. However, Cisco ISE does not support IPv6 downloadable ACLs, as it only supports IPv4 ACLs for RADIUS and TACACS protocols1112.
References:
1: Cisco Content Hub – Cisco ISE Features 2: Cisco ISE Profiler Service Overview 3: ISE Deployment through NAT Boundaries – Cisco Community 4: Configure ISE 3.3 Native IPSec to Secure NAD (IOS-XE) Communication – Cisco 5: Logging [Cisco Identity Services Engine] – Cisco Systems 6: ISE maximum logging time / data retention – Cisco Community 7: Logs retention on ISE – Cisco Community 8: Cisco Identity Services Engine Administrator Guide, Release 2.4 9: Setting Up Cisco ISE in a Distributed Environment 10: Cisco Content Hub – Network Deployments in Cisco ISE 11: Cisco Identity Services Engine Administrator Guide, Release 2.2 12: Solved: ISE: support for IPv6 DACL’s – Cisco Community

Explanation
The current time in enterprise networking history is characterized by the rapid pace of change in the network technologies, architectures, and services. Some of the factors that contribute to this change are:
The increasing demand for network performance, scalability, reliability, security, and agility from the business and end users.
The emergence of new network paradigms, such as software-defined networking (SDN), network function virtualization (NFV), cloud networking, and intent-based networking (IBN).
The proliferation of network devices, applications, and data sources, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), mobile devices, cloud services, big data, and artificial intelligence (AI).
The evolution of network standards, protocols, and best practices, such as IPv6, 5G, Wi-Fi 6, Ethernet, and network automation.
These factors create new opportunities and challenges for enterprise network designers, engineers, and administrators, who need to keep up with the latest trends and innovations, and adapt their network solutions to the changing business and technical requirements.
References:
Cisco Enterprise Network Architecture and Design,
https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/design-zone/networking-design-guides/enterprise-networking-design.ht Enterprise Networking Explained: Types, Concepts & Trends,
https://www.bmc.com/blogs/enterprise-networking/2 : What is enterprise networking?,
https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/network-layer/enterprise-networking/3 : Enterprise WAN – A Brief History, https://blogs.juniper.net/en-us/enterprise-cloud-and-transformation/enterprise-wan-a-brief-history4

Explanation
Cisco SD-WAN vEdge routers can mitigate DoS attacks against the infrastructure by using two mechanisms:
Only authorized controllers are allowed to communicate back to the vEdge router after the vEdge router establishes connection with the controllers. This means that the vEdge router initiates a secure connection to the vSmart controller and the vBond orchestrator using DTLS or TLS, and verifies their identity using certificates. The vEdge router does not accept any incoming connections from the controllers, and only responds to the messages that match the established sessions. This prevents unauthorized or malicious traffic from reaching the vEdge router and consuming its resources12.
By default, all incoming traffic is denied at the transport (WAN) side interfaces. This means that the vEdge router applies an implicit deny-all policy to any traffic that arrives from the WAN side, unless it is explicitly allowed by a security policy. The security policy can be configured to permit only the traffic that matches certain criteria, such as source, destination, protocol, port, or application. This reduces the attack surface of the vEdge router and protects it from unwanted or harmful traffic34.
References:
Cisco SD-WAN Security Features
Cisco SD-WAN Design Guide
Cisco SD-WAN Security Policy Configuration Guide
Cisco SD-WAN vEdge Routers Denial of Service Vulnerability

Explanation
The Cisco Catalyst 9500 Series Switches are specifically built to address the new challenges faced by enterprises, such as the need for increased bandwidth, security, and scalability. The Catalyst 9500 Series Switches are also designed to support Cisco SD-Access, which is a software-defined access fabric that simplifies network management and improves network security.
References: =
Designing Cisco Enterprise Networks
(ENDESIGN): https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/training-events/training-certifications/training/training-serv Cisco Catalyst 9500 Series Switches: https://www.cisco.com/site/us/en/products/networking/switches/catalyst-9500-series-switches/in

Explanation
A “one switch at a time” approach to integrating SD-Access into an existing brownfield environment is a method that allows network administrators to gradually migrate their legacy network devices to SD-Access fabric devices without disrupting the network operations. This approach has two main advantages:
It is appropriate for campus and remote site environments, where there may be different types of devices and network topologies. By replacing one switch at a time, the network administrators can ensure that the existing network connectivity and functionality are preserved, while gaining the benefits of SD-Access features such as automation, segmentation, and assurance12.
It allows simplified testing prior to cutover, as the network administrators can verify the performance and compatibility of each switch before adding it to the fabric. This reduces the risk of errors and failures during the migration process, and allows for faster troubleshooting and resolution of any issues34.
References:
Cisco SD-Access Solution Design Guide (CVD)
Discuss Cisco 500-490 Exam Topic 1 Question 33 – Pass4Success
How to provision devices in SD-Access ( SDA ) – Cisco Community
A quick-start guide to SD-Access – Cisco Blogs

Explanation
The Cisco vEdge platform supports IPv6 transport (WAN) as one of its features. This means that the vEdge routers can use IPv6 addresses to establish secure control and data plane connections with other vEdge routers over the WAN network. The vEdge routers can also use IPv6 addresses to communicate with the vSmart controllers and the vManage network management system. The vEdge routers can also support IPv6 routing protocols, such as OSPFv3 and BGP, to exchange IPv6 routes with other routers in the network12.
The other features listed in the question are not supported on the Cisco vEdge platform. License enforcement is not applicable to the vEdge routers, as they do not require any license to operate. Reporting is a function of the vManage network management system, which collects and displays various statistics and analytics from the vEdge routers. Non-Ethernet interfaces, such as serial, T1/E1, or DSL, are not available on the vEdge routers, which only support Ethernet and cellular interfaces. Single sign-on and 2-factor authentication are not supported on the vEdge routers, which use local or remote authentication methods, such as TACACS+, RADIUS, or LDAP3.
References:
1: Cisco SD-WAN vEdge Routers Data Sheet 2: Cisco SD-WAN Configuration Guide, Release 20.3 3: Cisco SD-WAN Command Reference, Release 20.3