[Jan 27, 2026] Fully Updated Dumps PDF – Latest CISA Exam Questions and Answers [Q158-Q181]

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[Jan 27, 2026] Fully Updated Dumps PDF – Latest CISA Exam Questions and Answers

100% Free CISA Exam Dumps to Pass Exam Easily from ExamsTorrent

What are the strengths of the candidate who wants to take the ISACA CISA Exam

There are qualified and knowledgeable instructors. They specialize in the subject matter and can teach it well. The facilities that the school has for learning purposes are extremely sophisticated and modern. The library is large and full of resources for students to enjoy and boost their learning abilities. The school has a good reputation in the community, which means students can find jobs easily with a degree from this university. An online program makes it possible for more people to enroll in the university even if they have family or work commitments. This is an excellent option for someone who is looking to get ahead in their career but doesn’t have the time or money to go away from home anymore.

ISACA CISA exam is a challenging but rewarding certification that can help IT professionals advance their careers in the field of information security. Certified Information Systems Auditor certification demonstrates that the candidate has the necessary knowledge, skills, and experience to identify, assess, and evaluate IT and business systems to ensure that they are secure and compliant with industry standards and regulations. It is a must-have for anyone who wants to work in the field of information security and is recognized by many organizations around the world.

To become a CISA certified professional, candidates must pass the CISA exam. The CISA exam is a rigorous four-hour exam that consists of 150 multiple choice questions. CISA exam is designed to test the candidate’s knowledge and understanding of IT audit processes, principles, and practices. CISA exam covers five domains, including auditing information systems, governance and management of IT, information systems acquisition, development and implementation, information systems operations, maintenance and service management and protection of information assets.

NO.158 During an IS audit, auditor has observed that authentication and authorization steps are split into two functions and there is a possibility to force the authorization step to be completed before the authentication step. Which of the following technique an attacker could user to force authorization step before authentication?

Eavesdropping

Traffic analysis

Masquerading

Race Condition

Explanation/Reference:
A race condition is when processes carry out their tasks on a shared resource in an incorrect order. A race condition is possible when two or more processes use a shared resource, as in data within a variable. It is important that the processes carry out their functionality in the correct sequence. If process 2 carried out its task on the data before process 1, the result will be much different than if process1 carried out its tasks on the data before process 2.
In software, when the authentication and authorization steps are split into two functions, there is a possibility an attacker could use a race condition to force the authorization step to be completed before the authentication step. This would be a flaw in the software that the attacker has figured out how to exploit. A race condition occurs when two or more processes use the same resource and the sequences of steps within the software can be carried out in an improper order, something that can drastically affect the output.
So, an attacker can force the authorization step to take place before the authentication step and gain unauthorized access to a resource.
The following answers are incorrect:
Eavesdropping – is the act of secretly listening to the private conversation of others without their consent, as defined by Black’s Law Dictionary. This is commonly thought to be unethical and there is an old adage that “eavesdroppers seldom hear anything good of themselves…eavesdroppers always try to listen to matters that concern them.”
Traffic analysis – is the process of intercepting and examining messages in order to deduce information from patterns in communication. It can be performed even when the messages are encrypted and cannot be decrypted. In general, the greater the number of messages observed, or even intercepted and stored, the more can be inferred from the traffic. Traffic analysis can be performed in the context of military intelligence, counter-intelligence, or pattern-of-life analysis, and is a concern in computer security.
Masquerading – A masquerade attack is an attack that uses a fake identity, such as a network identity, to gain unauthorized access to personal computer information through legitimate access identification. If an authorization process is not fully protected, it can become extremely vulnerable to a masquerade attack.
Masquerade attacks can be perpetrated using stolen passwords and logons, by locating gaps in programs, or by finding a way around the authentication process. The attack can be triggered either by someone within the organization or by an outsider if the organization is connected to a public network. The amount of access masquerade attackers get depends on the level of authorization they’ve managed to attain. As such, masquerade attackers can have a full smorgasbord of cyber crime opportunities if they’ve gained the highest access authority to a business organization. Personal attacks, although less common, can also be harmful.
Following reference(s) were/was used to create this question:
CISA review manual 2014 Page number 324
Official ISC2 guide to CISSP CBK 3rd Edition Page number 66
CISSP All-In-One Exam guide 6th Edition Page Number 161

NO.159 An organization seeks to control costs related to storage media throughout the information life cycle while still meeting business and regulatory requirements. Which of the following is the BEST way to achieve this objective?

Perform periodic tape backups.

Stream backups to the cloud.

Implement a data retention policy.

Utilize solid state memory.

NO.160 An IS auditor will be testing accounts payable controls by performing data analytics on the entire population of transactions. Which of the following is MOST important for the auditor to confirm when sourcing the population data?

The data is taken directly from the system.

There is no privacy information in the data.

The data can be obtained in a timely manner.

The data analysis tools have been recently updated.

NO.161 In a client-server architecture, a domain name service (DNS) is MOST important because it provides the:

address of the domain server.

resolution service for the name/address.

IP addresses for the internet.

domain name system.

NO.162 An IS auditor is verifying the adequacy of an organization’s internal and is concerned about potential circumvention of regulations. Which of the following is the BEST sampling method to use?

Attribute sampling

Variable Sampling

Random Sampling

Cluster sampling

NO.163 Which of the following would be of MOST concern for an IS auditor evaluating the design of an organization’s incident management processes?

Expected time to resolve incidents is not specified.

Service management standards are not followed.

Prioritization criteria are not defined.

Metrics are not reported to senior management.

NO.164 Which of the following is MOST is critical during the business impact assessment phase of business continuity planning?

End-user involvement

Senior management involvement

Security administration involvement

IS auditing involvement

NO.165 Which of the following is the MOST important area of focus for an IS auditor when developing a risk-based audit strategy?

Business processes

Recent audit results

Critical business applications

Existing IT controls

NO.166 Which of the following is the MOST reasonable option for recovering a noncritical system?

Warm site

Mobile site

Hot site

Cold site

NO.167 An IS auditor found that operations personnel failed to run a script contributing to year-end financial statements. Which of the following is the BEST recommendation?

Retrain operations personnel.

Implement a closing checklist.

Update the operations manual.

Bring staff with financial experience into operations.

NO.168 Which of the following tasks would cause the GREATEST segregation of duties (SoD) concern if performed by the person who reconciles the organization’s device inventory?

Tracking devices used for spare parts

Creating the device policy

vIssuing devices to employees

Approving the issuing of devices

NO.169 Which of the following outsourced services has the GREATEST need for security monitoring?

Web site hosting

Application development

Virtual private network (VPN) services

Enterprise infrastructure

NO.170 What is the BEST control to address SQL injection vulnerabilities?

Unicode translation

Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) encryption

Input validation

Digital signatures

NO.171 Which of the following is the GREATEST risk associated with hypervisors in virtual environments?

Availability issues

Virtual sprawl

Single point of failure

Lack of patches

NO.172 Which of the following analytical methods would be MOST useful when trying to identify groups with similar behavior or characteristics in a large population?

Deviation detection

Cluster sampling

Random sampling

Classification

NO.173 An IS auditor examining the configuration of an operating system to verify the controls should review the:

transaction logs.

authorization tables.

parameter settings.

routing tables.

NO.174 The quality of the metadata produced from a data warehouse is ________________ in the warehouse’s design.

Often hard to determine because the data is derived from a heterogeneous data environment

The most important consideration

Independent of the quality of the warehoused databases

Of secondary importance to data warehouse content

NO.175 Reconfiguring which of the following firewall types will prevent inward downloading of files through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP)?

Circuit gateway

Application gateway

Packet filter

Screening router

NO.176 Two servers are deployed in a cluster to run a mission-critical application. To determine whether the
system has been designed for optimal efficiency, the IS auditor should verify that:

the security features in the operating system are all enabled

the number of disks in the cluster meets minimum requirements

the two servers are of exactly the same configuration

load balancing between the servers has been implemented

NO.177 An IS auditor observes a system performance monitoring tool which states that a server critical to the organization averages high CPU utilization across a cluster of four virtual servers throughout the audit period. To determine if further investigation is required, an IS auditor should review:

the system process activity log

system baselines

the number of CPUs allocated to each virtual machine

organizational objectives

NO.178 Which of the following would BEST describe an audit risk?

The company is being sued for false accusations.

The financial report may contain undetected material errors.

Key employees have not taken vacation for 2 years.

Employees have been misappropriating funds.

NO.179 Which of the following would be the MOST effective audit technique for identifying segregation of duties violations in a new enterprise resource planning (ERP) implementation?

Reviewing a report of security rights in the system

Reviewing the complexities of authorization objects

Building a program to identify conflicts in authorization

Examining recent access rights violation cases

NO.180 Which type of device sits on the perimeter of a corporate of home network, where it obtains a public IP address and then generates private IP addresses internally?

Switch

Intrusion prevention system (IPS)

Gateway

Router

NO.181 Which of the following biometric access controls has the HIGHEST rate of false negatives?

Iris recognition

Fingerprint scanning

Face recognition

Retina scanning